What is a Torque Wrench, and How Do You Use It?

Explore torque wrench mastery in our guide! Click here to discover what a torque wrench is and gain insights into proper usage techniques.

Last Updated on February 19, 2024 by Ossian Muscad

Manufacturing features a lot of tools, machinery, and equipment. But among these, torque wrenches are perhaps one of the most important. Unfortunately, while it may sound simple, some workers are unaware of how to use a torque wrench—or at least use it properly. 

Workers need to know how to use tools properly. This article will discuss a torque wrench and how to use one. We’ll also discuss some benefits of using a torque wrench and provide a quick guide on properly using this tool.

 

What is a Torque Wrench?

A torque wrench is a precision tool used to apply a specific torque to a fastener, such as a nut or bolt. It is essentially a specialized socket wrench with mechanisms to measure and control the amount of rotational force, or Torque, that is applied. The importance of a torque wrench in various fields—automotive, aviation, construction, and manufacturing—cannot be overstated.

Its ability to ensure that fasteners are tightened to the correct tension helps maintain system integrity, prevent mechanical failures, and guarantee safety. There are various types of torque wrenches, including click-type, beam-type, and digital, each with unique features suited to different tasks.

 

What are Torque Wrenches Used For?

Torque wrenches are used in multiple applications where the correct tension is crucial for the safety and functionality of the mechanical system. Within automotive contexts, mechanics rely on torque wrenches to apply precise force on engine components, wheel lug nuts, and drive trains to ensure the vehicle operates safely under high pressure and vibration. In aviation, they are vital for securing components in aircraft, where a loose fastener could lead to catastrophic failure.

The construction industry utilizes torque wrenches to secure structural joints, guaranteeing the reliability and structural integrity of buildings and infrastructure. On assembly lines in manufacturing, torque wrenches ensure that products are consistent and meet stringent quality standards. Whether for maintenance purposes or during assembly, the accurate application of Torque is paramount in protecting the machinery and the people who operate it.

 

Different Types of Torque Wrenches and Their Uses

Selecting the right torque wrench depends on the job, and understanding the various types available is crucial for precision work. There are six primary types of torque wrenches, each designed for specific applications and offering different levels of accuracy and ease of use. Below, we will explore each type, focusing on their unique features and when they are best employed in industrial and mechanical tasks.

Electronic Torque Wrench

The electronic torque wrench, also known as a digital torque wrench, is a modern innovation that combines precision with ease of use. It features a digital display to accurately read torque values and alerts the user with a sound, light, or vibration when the desired Torque is achieved. This type is especially useful in areas where exact torque specification is crucial, and it often allows for the storage of data for quality control purposes.

Beam Torque Wrench

One of the simplest and oldest forms of torque wrenches, the beam torque wrench consists of a long lever arm between the handle and the head and a smaller beam that displays Torque as the wrench is turned. This type displays torque reading by bending the beam, which is taken directly from a scale. It’s highly durable and provides a visual indication of force applied, which is ideal for infrequent use where precise measurements are not critical but a general range is sufficient.

Click Torque Wrench

The click torque wrench is one of the most commonly used types. This wrench allows users to pre-set the desired torque level, and once that level is reached during tightening, the wrench produces an audible ‘click’ sound as an indicator to stop applying force. This prevents over-torquing and ensures consistent results, making it the go-to choice for automotive and construction jobs.

Hydraulic Torque Wrench

For jobs that require applying a large amount of Torque, the hydraulic torque wrench is the ideal tool. It uses hydraulic power to apply force and is designed to accurately exert high Torque. These wrenches are primarily used in heavy industrial settings such as oil and gas, power plants, and heavy machinery maintenance.

Micrometer Torque Wrench

Micrometer torque wrenches, often click-type as well, are known for their accuracy and reliability. They feature a micrometer-style setting mechanism that allows for very precise torque adjustments, typically within a 3-5% degree of accuracy. Used in critical applications where precise Torque is necessary, they are a staple in aerospace and engine assembly.

Dial Torque Wrench

Dial torque wrenches feature a dial with a needle that indicates Torque as force is applied. The user reads the amount of force applied in real-time from the dial. These wrenches are commonly used in quality control and calibration services because they can be more accurate than click-type wrenches and can also measure Torque in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions.

 

How Torque Wrenches Work

Understanding how torque wrenches work is fundamental to their proper application. The core function of a torque wrench is to measure the force applied when turning a nut or bolt, ensuring it’s tightened to the specified Torque stated by manufacturers or engineering standards. When force is applied to the wrench handle, this torque transfers to the fastener.

  1. For click-type torque wrenches, an internal spring mechanism is calibrated to the desired torque level. As the user applies force, the spring compresses until it reaches the set torque value; at this point, it disengages with a tangible ‘click’ sound, signaling the user to stop applying force to prevent over-tightening.
  2. Beam torque wrenches, by comparison, employ a simpler mechanical concept. As Torque is applied, the main lever arm, which is attached to the socket, bends slightly in relation to the handle. A smaller beam, attached at one end to the head of the wrench and free on the other, points to a scale that indicates the amount of Torque being applied.
  3. Digital torque wrenches use strain gauges attached to a torsion rod; as the wrench turns the fastener, the strain gauge flexes, and the amount of flexion is measured electronically, converting it into a torque reading displayed on a digital screen.
  4. Hydraulic torque wrenches, perhaps the most powerful, use hydraulic fluid power to exert the necessary Torque. Their precision-engineered pumps and hydraulic cylinders apply a controlled amount of force to a fastener, suitable for very high-torque applications.
  5. Dial torque wrenches have an internal mechanism similar to a clock, wherein a needle indicates Torque on a dial as pressure is applied. This allows for real-time observation and control over the amount of Torque used.

 

Each type operates based on its specific design, but the fundamental principle remains consistent: to accurately measure and apply a set amount of rotational force to fasteners, ensuring safety, reliability, and adherence to technical specifications.

 

How to Use a Torque Wrench

Now that we’ve discussed torque wrenches and how they work, it’s time to discuss using one. As mentioned earlier, one must understand how a torque wrench works before using one. Once you have a basic understanding of the tool, follow these steps to use it properly:

  1. Begin by selecting the correct size torque wrench for the specific job at hand, ensuring it matches the requirements of the fastener.
  2. If you use a torque wrench with a dial, carefully adjust the dial to the necessary torque setting.
  3. In the case of a torque wrench equipped with a digital display, set the desired torque value on the digital display.
  4. Position the torque wrench onto the fastener, confirming the drive is fully engaged and properly aligned.
  5. Proceed to apply force to the torque wrench handle until the desired torque level is attained.
  6. If you use a torque wrench with a dial, release the force on the handle once the needle aligns with the desired torque setting.
  7. For a torque wrench with a digital display, release the force on the handle when the digital display indicates that the desired Torque has been achieved.
  8. Carefully remove the torque wrench from the fastener, completing the task with precision and accuracy.

 

As you can see, using a torque wrench is relatively simple. Just follow these steps carefully to avoid accidents or inaccurate calculations.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: How are Torque Wrenches calibrated?

Torque wrenches are typically calibrated by manufacturers or specialist calibration services using specialized equipment. It is recommended to have torque wrenches calibrated at least once a year, more frequently if used heavily. When purchasing a torque wrench, choosing one from a reputable manufacturer with a calibrated certificate is important.

Q2: Can I use a torque wrench for all types of fasteners?

Torque wrenches are suitable for most types of fasteners, but some may require specific adapters or attachments. For example, a torque wrench designed for use on bolts may not be suitable for use on nuts. When purchasing a torque wrench, it’s essential to consider the specific types of fasteners you will be working with. That way, you can ensure the torque wrench is compatible with your needs.

Q3: Are there any safety precautions when using a torque wrench?

To use a torque wrench safely, always adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions and recommended torque settings. When using a torque wrench, it is also essential to wear the appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and eye protection. Additionally, always store your torque wrench in a safe and dry place to prevent damage or malfunction.

Q4: How do you set a torque wrench correctly?

Adjust the dial or digital display to the desired torque setting before use to set a torque wrench. If using a click-type torque wrench, it is important to stop applying force once the ‘click’ sound is heard. For all other types of torque wrenches, carefully monitor the display or scale as pressure is applied until the desired torque value is reached, then release the force on the handle. It is important to follow the specific instructions the torque wrench manufacturer provides for accurate and safe use.

Q5: Can I over-torque with a torque wrench?

While a torque wrench can help prevent over-tightening, it is still possible to over-torque if excessive force is applied. This may lead to damage or failure of the fastener, as well as inaccuracies in measurements. Using a torque wrench carefully and following recommended torque settings is essential to avoid over-torquing and ensure precision. Always double-check the specifications provided by the manufacturer before applying force with a torque wrench.

Q6: Can I use a torque wrench for left-handed threads?

Some torque wrenches may be designed to work with both right- and left-handed threads, while others may require specific adapters or attachments. It is essential to check the specifications and capabilities of your torque wrench before attempting to use it on left-handed threads, as improper use may result in inaccurate measurements or damage to the tool and fasteners.

 

Measure Torque with DATAMYTE

DATAMYTE, a recognized industry leader in providing robust data collection and low-code quality management solutions, offers a range of torque products designed to enhance accuracy and efficiency in various manufacturing environments.

LightStar Torque Wrench

This precise torque-measuring instrument is designed to eliminate false readings that are difficult to detect. The LightStar Torque Wrench series technology sensor ensures that the operator can pull at any point on the wrench and will receive an accurate measurement.

DataMyte Torque Solution

This solution provides real-time reporting and torque data collection to improve and monitor Torque continuously. It’s a comprehensive system for managing all aspects of torque control, from data collection to analysis and reporting.

New Generation of Digital Torque Wrenches

DATAMYTE has introduced a new generation of their LightStar™ Carbon Fiber Torque Wrench. These digital torque wrenches offer improved performance and accuracy, making them ideal for demanding industrial applications.

These products are part of DATAMYTE’s commitment to providing quality management solutions that enhance actionable results based on collected production data. They are designed to ensure consistent, reliable torque application, improving the quality and reliability of assembled products. Book a demo with us now to see how we can help you achieve your torque accuracy goals. 

 

Conclusion

Understanding and correctly utilizing a torque wrench is critical for anyone involved in assembling, maintaining, or repairing machinery and various physical structures. A torque wrench is not just a tool, but an investment in precision, reliability, and safety. Regular calibration, appropriate usage, and knowledge of how to set and read this valuable instrument is essential to ensure accurate torque application and the longevity of both the tool and the components it is used on.

Whether you’re a professional or a DIY enthusiast, a torque wrench is a fundamental addition to your toolkit, enabling you to tackle tasks confidently and accurately. So, make sure to choose the right torque wrench for your needs and follow these tips to use it correctly.

 

 

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